Caffeine anhydrous - 75mg.

Caffeine is a methylxanthine and is used as a stimulant of the respiratory system and of the central nervous system (CNS). Caffeine affects every system of the body mediated through the CNS. Mild euphoria, a sense of lessened fatigue, increased flow of thought and increased alertness may occur from caffeine use.

NOTE: The plasma half-life of caffeine is increased in patients with liver disease such as cirrhosis and viral hepatitis (See note 3 below).

Taurine - 1mg.

Taurine is an amino acid that is possibly effective in cognitive enhancement (See note 4 below). It has been used orally to improve mental performance, although the evidence is considered preliminary (See note 5 below). There is one study that has shown that taurine in combination with caffeine can produce minor improvements in mental performance. It may improve attention and verbal reasoning but does not seem to have any effect on memory. More evidence is needed to rate taurine for these uses.

Vitamin B3 - 20mg

Vitmin B3, or Nicotinamide, promotes energy release from carbohydrates and is involved in several enzyme systems in the body.

Vitamin B6 - 5mg

Vitamin B6 or pyridoxine is required for the metabolism of protein, carbohydrate and fat (See note 2 below). Because vitamin B6 is required for amino acid metabolism, the need for the vitamin is related to protein intake. Vitamin B6 is well-known for alleviating symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome (See note 2 below). Deficiency may cause anemia, dermatitis, fatigue and muscle weakness.

Vitamin B12 - 5mg

Vitamin B12 or cyanocobalamin is necessary for the development of red blood cells and contributes to the health of the nervous system and DNA synthesis. In vegetarians, supplementation with vitamin B12 is often recommended.Contains no sugar, sweeteners, flavourants or preservatives. Does contain soy bean oil.

References:

1. Glatthaar II. Micronutrients and stress. South African Medical Journal 1999;89(2):17-22.

2. Blaauw R. Safety of micronutrients. South African Medical Journal 1999;89(2):29-34.

3. Micromedex. Caffeine Monograph.

4. AltMedDex Point System: Taurine.

5. Taurine. Natural Medicines Database.

6. Inositol. Natural Medicines Database.

7. van den Eynde F, van Baelen PC, Portsky M, Audenaert K. The effects of eenergy drinks on cognitive performance. Tijdschr Psychiatry 2008;50(5):273-281